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- NATION, Page 29Mere Millions For Kids
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- By PRISCILLA PAINTON -- Reported by Melissa Ludtke/Boston and
- Michael Riley/Washington
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- As issues go, infant mortality should be a no-brainer for
- a politician. Find a catchy slogan, throw money at the problem
- and ride the quick results to fame and higher office. Become the
- candidate of compassion, courage and common sense, all rolled
- into one.
-
- Experts agree that the prescription for lowering the
- infant-mortality rate is simple and can save money: all it takes
- is good prenatal care. Each dollar spent on the mother before
- delivery will save more than $3 spent on the infant for medical
- expenses during its first year. But this elementary arithmetic
- doesn't seem to add up for the Bush Administration, which is
- making no more than a symbolic gesture to attack a problem that
- has become a symbol of America's failure to cope with appalling
- poverty.
-
- In the process, the President's Healthy Start program, as
- it is called, has become the target of a classic
- inside-the-Beltway political battle, with the Office of
- Management and Budget feuding with parts of the divided
- Department of Health and Human Services, and Congress feuding
- with the Administration. Even members of a White House-appointed
- study group on infant mortality, who last summer prepared a
- no-nonsense plan costing less than one-tenth of 1% of the $600
- billion spent annually on health care in the U.S., sound
- apologetic about not attacking the problem full force. "One can
- say it's not enough or it's not fast enough, but no one is
- disagreeing with the direction we're heading," says Dr. James
- Mason, the Assistant Secretary for Health and Human Services who
- headed the task force.
-
- For a while, child advocates actually believed that the
- Administration was serious. For one thing, the White House was
- interested enough in this national calamity to have appointed
- the task force to study it two years ago. Bush made the
- infant-death rate a campaign issue in 1988, promising at one
- point that "quality health services so critical for improving
- maternal and infant health will be available." HHS Secretary Dr.
- Louis Sullivan also considers reducing infant mortality a
- high-priority project. He calls the number of infant deaths in
- the U.S. "almost obscene for a country with the resources we
- have."
-
- The latest statistics fully support his outrage. They show
- that, instead of improving at a steady pace, the nation's
- infant-mortality rate leveled off at 9.7 deaths per 1,000 births
- in 1989. It now stands at twice the rate of Japan and below that
- of 23 other countries, including less affluent ones like Spain
- and Singapore. More troubling, infant mortality remains one of
- the nation's starkest measures of the separation between blacks
- and whites: twice as many black babies as white die within their
- first year.
-
- In its unpublished report, which was leaked to the press
- last summer, the White House study recommended 18 steps costing
- a total of $500 million a year, including targeting 20 areas
- where infants die in especially high numbers. But the OMB scaled
- back the White House proposals to $171 million; instead of
- targeting 20 areas, it recommended 10. Worse, OMB decided that
- a large part of the money would come from other health programs
- for poor women and children. That penny-pinching tactic sparked
- an outcry that could be heard all the way down Pennsylvania
- Avenue. "It is absolutely Mephistophelian to say that a child in
- Head Start should pay so that a child in Detroit can get more
- health care. Those are not choices," says Sara Rosenbaum,
- director of the health division at the Children's Defense Fund
- in Washington. Republican Senator Christopher Bond of Missouri
- denounced the plan as pitting "one city's babies against
- another city's babies." Florida Governor Lawton Chiles, who
- chairs the National Commission to Prevent Infant Mortality, said
- it amounted to "robbing Peter to pay Paul."
-
- Both houses of Congress formally registered their protest
- recently by prohibiting the Administration from cannibalizing
- funds for Healthy Start from other health programs. They also
- agreed to spend $25 million in so-called new money as this
- fiscal year's contribution to the Healthy Start program. But
- that amount is just about the cost of two Apache helicopters,
- and the legislators did not resolve where the money would come
- from next fiscal year.
-
- While the bickering continued, the capital was presented
- last week with more evidence of children in pain: according to
- a study by an antihunger group, the Food Research and Action
- Center, 1 of 8 children in the U.S. under age 12 suffers from
- hunger, and millions more are in danger of going hungry.
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